Ibiranga ingano ya krahisi, uburyo bwo kubyaza umusaruro no gukoresha ibicuruzwa

Ingano nimwe mubihingwa byingenzi byibiribwa kwisi. Kimwe cya gatatu cyabatuye isi bashingira ku ngano nkibiryo byingenzi. Imikoreshereze nyamukuru yingano nugukora ibiryo no gutunganya ibinyamisogwe. Mu myaka yashize, ubuhinzi bw’igihugu cyanjye bwateye imbere byihuse, ariko umusaruro w’abahinzi wiyongereye buhoro, kandi abahinzi bahunika ingano. Kubera iyo mpamvu, gushaka inzira y’ingano y’igihugu cyanjye, kongera imikoreshereze y’ingano, no kuzamura ibiciro by’ingano byabaye ikibazo gikomeye mu gihugu cyanjye cyo guhindura ingamba z’ubuhinzi ndetse bikagira ingaruka ku iterambere rihamye kandi rihuriweho n’ubukungu bw’igihugu.
Ikintu nyamukuru kigizwe ningano ni ibinyamisogwe, bingana na 75% byuburemere bwingano zingano kandi nicyo kintu cyingenzi kigizwe ningano ya endosperm. Ugereranije nibindi bikoresho fatizo, ibinyamisogwe by ingano bifite ibintu byinshi bisumba byose, nkubushyuhe buke bwumuriro nubushyuhe buke bwa gelatinizasi. Uburyo bwo kubyaza umusaruro, imiterere yumubiri nubumashini, gukoresha ibicuruzwa bya krahisi yingano, nubusabane hagati y ingano ningano yingano byizwe cyane murugo no mumahanga. Iyi ngingo ivuga muri make muri make ibiranga ibinyamisogwe by ingano, gutandukanya no gukuramo tekinoroji, hamwe no gukoresha ibinyamisogwe na gluten.

1. Ibiranga ibinyamisogwe by'ingano
Ibinyamisogwe biri mu ngano z'ingano zingana na 58% kugeza kuri 76%, cyane cyane mu buryo bwa granules muri selile ya endosperm y'ingano, naho ibinyamisogwe biri mu ifu y'ingano bigera kuri 70%. Ibyinshi muri krahisi granules ni uruziga na oval, kandi umubare muto ntubisanzwe. Ukurikije ubunini bwa granules, ibinyamisogwe by ingano birashobora kugabanywamo ibinyamisogwe binini na granule ntoya. Ibinyampeke binini bifite umurambararo wa 25 kugeza kuri 35 mm byitwa A krahisi, bingana na 93,12% by'uburemere bwumye bwa krahisi y'ingano; granules ntoya ifite diameter ya 2 kugeza 8 mμm gusa yitwa B krahisi, bingana na 6.8% byuburemere bwumye bw ingano. Abantu bamwe kandi bagabanya ingano ya krahisi ingano muburyo butatu ukurikije ubunini bwa diameter: andika A (10 kugeza 40 mkm), ubwoko B (1 kugeza 10 mm) na C (<1 μ m), ariko ubwoko bwa C busanzwe bushyirwa mubikorwa ubwoko B. Kubijyanye na molekuliyumu, ibinyamisogwe by ingano bigizwe na amylose na amylopectine. Amylopectine iherereye cyane cyane hanze ya granules ingano, mugihe amylose iba imbere muri granules ingano. Amylose ihwanye na 22% kugeza kuri 26% yibirimo byose bya krahisi, naho amylopectine igera kuri 74% kugeza kuri 78% yibirimo byose. Ingano ya krahisi ifite ibiranga ubukonje buke n'ubushyuhe buke bwa gelatinizasi. Ubushyuhe bwumuriro bwa viscosity nyuma ya gelatinizasiyo nibyiza. Ubukonje bugabanuka gato nyuma yo gushyushya igihe kirekire no gukurura. Imbaraga za gel nyuma yo gukonja ni nyinshi.

2. Uburyo bwo kubyaza umusaruro ingano ya krahisi

Kugeza ubu, inganda nyinshi za krahisi mu gihugu cyanjye zikoresha uburyo bwa Martin bwo gukora, kandi ibikoresho byingenzi ni imashini ya gluten, ecran ya gluten, ibikoresho byo kumisha gluten, nibindi.

Gluten yumisha ikirere gitemba vortex flash yumye nibikoresho byuma bizigama ingufu. Ikoresha amakara nka lisansi, kandi umwuka ukonje unyura muri boiler ugahinduka umwuka ushushe. Ivanze n'ibikoresho bitatanye mu bikoresho mu buryo bwahagaritswe, ku buryo gaze n'ibice bikomeye bigenda imbere ku muvuduko mwinshi ugereranije, kandi icyarimwe bikavamo amazi kugira ngo bigere ku ntego yo kumisha ibikoresho.

3. Gukoresha ibinyamisogwe by ingano

Ingano y'ingano ikomoka ku ifu y'ingano. Nkuko twese tubizi, igihugu cyanjye gikungahaye ku ngano, kandi ibikoresho byacyo birahagije, kandi birashobora kubyazwa umusaruro umwaka wose.

Ingano y'ingano ifite uburyo butandukanye bwo gukoresha. Irashobora gukoreshwa mugukora ibipfunyika bya vermicelli n'umuceri, kandi ikanakoreshwa cyane mubijyanye n'ubuvuzi, inganda z’imiti, gukora impapuro, n'ibindi. Ingano zifasha ingano - gluten, irashobora gukorwa mubiryo bitandukanye, kandi irashobora no gukorerwa mubisosi bikomoka ku bimera bikomoka hanze. Niba yumishijwe mu ifu ya gluten ikora, biroroshye kubika kandi ni n'umusaruro w'inganda n'ibiribwa.